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H. 4463
STATUS INFORMATION
General Bill
Sponsors: Reps. Harrison, Delleney, W.D. Smith, Taylor, Clemmons, Cotty, Simrill and Kirsh
Document Path: l:\council\bills\pt\1780ahb04.doc
Introduced in the House on January 13, 2004
Currently residing in the House Committee on Judiciary
Summary: Uniform Contribution Among Tortfeasors Act
HISTORY OF LEGISLATIVE ACTIONS
Date Body Action Description with journal page number ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12/17/2003 House Prefiled 12/17/2003 House Referred to Committee on Judiciary 1/13/2004 House Introduced and read first time HJ-83 1/13/2004 House Referred to Committee on Judiciary HJ-83
View the latest legislative information at the LPITS web site
VERSIONS OF THIS BILL
TO AMEND CHAPTER 38, TITLE 15, CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, RELATING TO THE SOUTH CAROLINA CONTRIBUTION AMONG TORTFEASORS ACT, SO AS TO INCREASE THE TIME IN WHICH A CLAIMANT MAY OPEN A JUDGMENT TO TWO YEARS, TO ABOLISH JOINT AND SEVERAL LIABILITY, AND TO PROVIDE FOR CONTRIBUTORY LIABILITY AMONG TORTFEASORS.
Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of South Carolina:
SECTION 1. Chapter 38, Title 15 is amended to read:
Section 15-38-10. This chapter may be cited as the Uniform Contribution Among Tortfeasors Act.
Section 15-38-15. (A) In an action to recover damages resulting from personal injury, wrongful death, or damage to property, if the damages are determined to be proximately caused by more than one defendant, each defendant against whom recovery is allowed is liable to the claimant only for the defendant's proportionate share of the recoverable damages except as provided in subsection (D).
(B) The proportionate share of damages for which each defendant is liable is calculated by multiplying the damages by a fraction in which the numerator is the defendant's percentage of liability determined pursuant to subsection (C), and the denominator is the total of the percentages of liability determined pursuant to subsection (C), to be attributable to all defendants whose actions are a proximate cause of the injury, death, or damage to property including settled or released persons pursuant to Section 15-38-50. A percentage of liability attributable to the claimant may not be included in the denominator of the fraction.
(C) The jury or court, if there is no jury, shall specify:
(1) the amount of damages;
(2) findings of fact necessary for the court to specify recoverable damages; and
(3) the percentage of liability that proximately caused the injury, death, or damage to property in relation to one hundred percent, that is attributable to each defendant whose actions are a proximate cause of the injury, death, or damage to property including settled or released persons pursuant to Section 15-38-50.
(D)(1) Upon motion by the claimant to open the judgment filed, after good faith efforts by the claimant to collect from a liable defendant, at least one year but not more than two years after judgment becomes final through lapse of time or through exhaustion of appeal, whichever occurs later, the court shall determine whether all or part of a defendant's proportionate share of the recoverable damages is not collectible from that defendant, and shall reallocate that amount among the other defendants in accordance with the provisions of this section.
(2) The court shall order that the portion of the amount not collectible be reallocated among the other defendants. The court shall reallocate to the other defendants an amount equal to the amount not collectible of recoverable damages multiplied by a fraction in which the numerator is the defendant's percentage of liability and the denominator is the total of the percentages of liability of all defendants excluding any defendant whose liability is reallocated.
(3) The defendant whose liability is reallocated remains subject to contribution pursuant to the provisions of this chapter and to any continuing liability to the claimant on the judgment.
Section 15-38-20. (A) Except as otherwise provided in this chapter, where two or more persons become jointly or severally liable in tort for the same injury to person or property or for the same wrongful death, there is a right of contribution among them even though judgment has not been recovered against all or any of them.
(B) The right of contribution exists only in favor of a tortfeasor who has paid more than his pro rata proportionate share of the common liability, and his total recovery is limited to the amount paid by him in excess of his pro rata proportionate share. No tortfeasor is compelled to make contribution beyond his own pro rata proportionate share of the entire liability.
(C) There is no right of contribution in favor of any tortfeasor who has intentionally caused or contributed to the injury or wrongful death.
(D) A tortfeasor who enters into a settlement with a claimant is not entitled to recover contribution from another tortfeasor whose liability for the injury or wrongful death is not extinguished by the settlement nor in respect to any amount paid in a settlement which is in excess of what was reasonable.
(E) A liability insurer, who by payment has discharged in full or in part the liability of a tortfeasor and has thereby discharged in full its obligation as insurer, is subrogated to the tortfeasor's right of contribution to the extent of the amount it has paid in excess of the tortfeasor's pro rata proportionate share of the common liability. This provision does not limit or impair any right of subrogation arising from any other relationship.
(F) This chapter does not impair any right of indemnity under existing law. Where one tortfeasor is entitled to indemnity from another, the right of the indemnity obligee is for indemnity and not contribution, and the indemnity obligor is not entitled to contribution from the obligee for any portion of his indemnity obligation.
(G) This chapter does not apply to breaches of trust or of other fiduciary obligation.
Section 15-38-30. In determining the pro rata proportionate shares of tortfeasors in the entire liability (1) their relative degrees of fault shall not be considered; (2) if equity requires, the collective liability of some as a group shall constitute a single share; and (3) principles of equity applicable to contribution generally shall apply.
Section 15-38-40. (A) Whether or not judgment has been entered in an action against two or more tortfeasors for the same injury or wrongful death, contribution may be enforced by separate action.
(B) Where a judgment has been entered in an action against two or more tortfeasors for the same injury or wrongful death, contribution may be enforced in that action by judgment in favor of one against other judgment defendants by motion upon notice to all parties to the action. Provided, however, contribution may not be enforced in the action until the issue of liability, and the resulting damages against the defendant or defendants named in the action, and the proportionate fault of the defendant is determined. Once the issue of liability has been resolved, subject to Section 15-38-20(B), a defendant has the right to seek contribution against any judgment defendant and other persons who were not made parties to the action.
(C) If there is a judgment for the injury or wrongful death against the tortfeasor seeking contribution, any separate action by him to enforce contribution must be commenced within one year after the party seeking contribution has made the final payment in excess of that party's share of the judgment after the judgment has become final by lapse of time for appeal or after appellate review.
(D) If there is no judgment for the injury or wrongful death against the tortfeasor seeking contribution, his right of contribution is barred unless he has either (1) discharged by payment the common liability within the statute of limitations period applicable to claimant's right of action against him and has commenced his action for contribution within one year after payment, or (2) agreed while action is pending against him to discharge the common liability and has within one year after the agreement paid the liability and commenced his action for contribution.
(E) The recovery of a judgment for an injury or wrongful death against one tortfeasor does not of itself discharge the other tortfeasors from liability for the injury or wrongful death unless the judgment is satisfied. The satisfaction of the judgment does not impair any right of contribution.
(F) The judgment of the court in determining the liability of the several defendants to the claimant for an injury or wrongful death shall be binding as among such defendants in determining their right to contribution.
Section 15-38-50. When a release or a covenant not to sue or not to enforce judgment is given in good faith to one of two or more persons liable in tort for the same injury or the same wrongful death:
(1) it does not discharge any of the other tortfeasors from liability for the injury or wrongful death unless its terms so provide, but it reduces the claim against the others to the extent of any amount stipulated by the release or the covenant, or in the amount of the consideration paid for it, whichever is the greater; and
(2) it discharges the tortfeasor to whom it is given from all liability for contribution to any other tortfeasor.
Section 15-38-60. This chapter shall be so interpreted and construed as to effectuate its general purpose to make uniform the law of those that enact it.
Section 15-38-65. No payment shall be made from state appropriated funds or other public funds to satisfy claims or judgments against governmental entities or governmental employees acting within the scope of their official duties arising under the Uniform Contribution Among Tortfeasors Act. The South Carolina Tort Claims Act is the exclusive and sole remedy for any tort committed by an employee of a governmental entity while acting within the scope of his official duty. The Uniform Contribution Among Tortfeasors Act shall not apply to governmental entities.
Section 15-38-70. All acts or parts of acts which are inconsistent with the provisions of this chapter are hereby repealed."
SECTION 2. The repeal or amendment by this act of any law, whether temporary or permanent or civil or criminal, does not affect pending actions, rights, duties, or liabilities founded thereon, or alter, discharge, release or extinguish any penalty, forfeiture, or liability incurred under the repealed or amended law, unless the repealed or amended provision shall so expressly provide. After the effective date of this act, all laws repealed or amended by this act must be taken and treated as remaining in full force and effect for the purpose of sustaining any pending or vested right, civil action, special proceeding, criminal prosecution, or appeal existing as of the effective date of this act, and for the enforcement of rights, duties, penalties, forfeitures, and liabilities as they stood under the repealed or amended laws.
SECTION 3. This act takes effect upon approval by the Governor and applies to a cause of action arising on or after the effective date of this act.
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